VAT and GST rates by country, and how to take tax out of a price

Most countries charge VAT (value-added tax) or GST (goods and services tax), and the standard rate in the lists below runs from 5% to 27%, as of November 2026. To add tax to a price, multiply by 1 plus the rate. To take it out of a price that already includes it, divide by 1 plus the rate. The VAT calculator holds these rates: choose your country and its standard rate is filled in.

VAT calculatorAdd or remove VAT from a priceDo it free

Standard rates by region

The standard rate is the one that applies unless a good or service is listed for something else. Reduced rates usually cover things such as basic food, books or public transport, but each country draws that line differently, so the calculator's quick picks show a country's reduced rates and you decide which one fits.

European Union. Austria 20%, Belgium 21%, Bulgaria 20%, Croatia 25%, Cyprus 19%, Czechia 21%, Denmark 25%, Estonia 24%, Finland 25.5%, France 20%, Germany 19%, Greece 24%, Hungary 27%, Ireland 23%, Italy 22%, Latvia 21%, Lithuania 21%, Luxembourg 17%, Malta 18%, Netherlands 21%, Poland 23%, Portugal 23%, Romania 21%, Slovakia 23%, Slovenia 22%, Spain 21%, Sweden 25%.
Rest of Europe. United Kingdom 20%, Norway 25%, Switzerland 8.1%, Iceland 24%, Ukraine 20%, Russia 22%, Turkey 20%.
Asia and the Pacific. Japan 10%, South Korea 10%, China 13%, Taiwan 5%, Indonesia 11%, Vietnam 10%, Thailand 7%, India 18%, Pakistan 18%, Bangladesh 15%, Philippines 12%, Singapore 9%, Australia 10%, New Zealand 15%.
Americas. Canada 5%, Mexico 16%, Argentina 21%, Chile 19%, Colombia 19%, Peru 18%.
Middle East and Africa. United Arab Emirates 5%, Saudi Arabia 15%, Israel 18%, Egypt 14%, South Africa 15%, Nigeria 7.5%, Kenya 16%.

Two notes on that list. Canada's 5% is the federal GST only, and most provinces add their own tax on top. The United States has no VAT at all: each state sets a sales tax, often with local additions. VAT vs sales tax explains how the two differ.

Some countries have a calculator page with the rate already chosen: the UK, India, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Ireland and the United Arab Emirates.

Why you divide to take tax out

Tax is charged as a percentage of the price before tax, the net price. So the price with tax, the gross, is net × (1 + rate). The tax is therefore not the rate's share of the gross; it is a smaller share, rate ÷ (100 + rate). At 20%, the tax is 20 out of 120, which is one sixth of the gross price, not one fifth. That is why taking 20% off a gross price leaves you with the wrong net. How to add or remove VAT works through that mistake in full.

Fractions that do it in your head

For common rates, the tax is a simple fraction of the price you see:

Rate	Tax as a share of the gross price	Example
5%	1/21	105 including tax: tax 5, net 100
10%	1/11	55 including tax: tax 5, net 50
15%	3/23	230 including tax: tax 30, net 200
20%	1/6	60 including tax: tax 10, net 50
25%	1/5	250 including tax: tax 50, net 200

For any other rate, use rate ÷ (100 + rate). At 19% the tax is 19/119 of the gross, about 16%. The calculator gives the exact figures for an invoice.

What the rate table does not tell you

Rates change. Governments raise and lower them, so check the tax authority's own page before you file a return or issue an invoice.
Reduced, zero and exempt. A zero rate and an exemption are not the same thing. Both mean no tax is charged on the sale, but they affect what a business can reclaim, which is a question for an accountant.
Selling across borders. A business that sells to consumers abroad may have to charge the buyer's country rate rather than its own. The rules depend on the countries and the product.

How to do it with fixmint

Type the amount in the price box.
Choose your country. Its standard rate is filled in, and the quick picks show its reduced rates. If your country is not listed, choose Other and type the rate.
Choose Add tax for a net price, or Remove tax for a gross price.
Read the net, tax and gross figures. Adding the tax back to the net should give the gross again.

Quick answers

Does the United States have VAT? No. It has state and local sales taxes, which are added at the till.

Is GST different from VAT? The idea is the same: a tax collected at each step of a sale and passed on to the final buyer. The name, rates and rules differ by country.

How much of 60 including 20% VAT is tax? One sixth of 60, which is 10. The net price is 50.